Uncover the real reason for the decline of China in the millennium, and decipher the geography code of the rise of the Chinese civilization!
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In 768 AD, in the third year of the Dali calendar of the Tang Dynasty, an emissary team sent by the Anxi garrison arrived in Chang'an. After the Anshi Rebellion, Tubo entered and occupied the Hexi Corridor, which led to the separation of the Western Regions from the Central Government of China for five years. The Central Government of Datang finally learned that there were still a large number of soldiers from the Western Regions standing outside the solitary Western Regions. Immediately, Datang sent a secret envoy to the Western Regions, but unfortunately there was no news. In AD 772, after 9 years of waiting, the Datang soldiers who were guarding the Western Regions finally received a reply from the Central Committee. These men who spilled blood on Beiting and Anxi, and made foreign invaders frightened by the wind, have cried and turned into tears.
13 years later, in 784 AD, Anxi Jiedu envoy Er Zhu died in battle, and Guo Xin, the nephew of the famous Tang Dynasty general Guo Ziyi, took over. Three years later, Wukong, a famous monk in Chinese history (the prototype of Monkey King in Journey to the West), returned from Tianzhu (ancient India) and passed through the Western Regions. He met Anxi Daduhu, Anxi Four Towns Jiedu, and Wuwei County King Guo Xin in Qiuci City. In 790 AD, Wukong arrived in the capital of Chang'an and brought the last news of the soldiers from the Western Regions to Tang. At this point, Datang had completely lost contact with the Chinese central government in the Beiting Duhu Mansion and the Four Towns of Anxi in the Western Regions.
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In the third year of Yuanhe, the winter of 808, Guo Xin, the mighty king of the prefecture, led thousands of soldiers to fight against Tubo. The soldiers, like Guo Xin, have guarded the borders of the Western Regions since the early years of Guangde and even earlier. These remnants of the Datang Anxi, who have guarded Anxi for nearly half a century, have never retreated, and the Tubo Zanpu abandoned the hunt for Songzan. The division of one hundred thousand tigers and wolves fought a fierce battle of life and death in Qiuci City.
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The mighty county king Guo Xin resolutely rejected Tubo's surrender in the absence of assistance. In the end, the Anxi Tang army including Wuwei county king Guo Xin all died in battle. The most tearful thing is that when the Tubo army was cleaning the battlefield, all Tubo generals, including Tubo Zanpu abandoned hunting Songzan, were stunned. They found that all the soldiers of the Tang Dynasty on the battlefield were white-haired heads. !
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[The turning point of the Chinese civilization from its prosperity to its decline]
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In ancient Chinese history, it was about 1,000 years from the establishment of the Qin State to the demise of the Tang Dynasty, and about 1,000 years from the demise of the Tang Dynasty to the demise of the Qing Dynasty. Less than a hundred years after the death of the mighty county king Guo Xin, the Tang Dynasty fell, and China's national fortune began to decline along with it. Although there were occasional governance in the middle, there has never been a prosperous world like the Tang Dynasty. It can be said that in the winter of Yuanhe three years, the blizzard battlefield condensed the most tragic moment in the history of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty, and it was also the turning point of China's feudal civilization from prosperity to decline in 2000.
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The demise of the Tang Dynasty directly led to the decline of China, so why did the demise of the Tang Dynasty lead to the decline of China? This article begins with an analysis of the reasons for the demise of the Tang Dynasty and conducts an in-depth analysis in order to learn from the past and learn the present. The blood drink thinks there are several main reasons:
01
Loss of military superiority
Affected by the story of Princess Wencheng’s entry into Tibet recorded in Chinese history books, many people believe that during the Tang Dynasty, the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo was friendly. In fact, as long as you carefully study history, you will find that the Tang-Tibetan War never ceased from the rise to the decline of the Tang Empire. The Hexi Corridor, Beiting, and Anxi Duhu Mansion under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty were finally destroyed by Tubo, and the event that caused the Tang army to fundamentally reverse the combat superiority of the Tubo army was the Tubo occupation of the Hexi Corridor.
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Why did the loss of the Hexi Corridor cause Datang to lose control of the Western Regions?
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During the Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the prosperous military horse farm in the Hexi Corridor once cultivated 400,000 horses. Before the fall of the Hexi Corridor, the Tang army equipped with a large number of cavalry could advance and retreat freely in the Hexi Corridor by relying on iron cavalry. The cavalry raid or the elite night attack only quickly defeated the Tubo heavy infantry, which ensured the safety of the Hexi Corridor.
After the Anshi Rebellion, Tubo took the opportunity to occupy the Hexi Corridor, which caused the extremely high horse equipment rate of the Hexi and Shuofang defenders in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty to become history. Because after the loss of the horse farm, the Tang army lost its mobility and was unable to effectively and quickly assist other cities in the Hexi Corridor under attack. It could only rely on infantry for passive defense of isolated town defenses. After the town was lost, the recruitment became difficult. In the end, due to the shortage of war horses and soldiers, the Tang army often fell into a battle with Tubo.
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On the other hand, Tubo has always had a strong tradition of heavy infantry combat. The Tubo heavy infantry wears excellent armor with a high coverage rate and only reveals two eyes. They use swords and long spears longer than the Tang army. At the same time, the fighting will of the cold weapon era is often an important determinant of war. Tubo soldiers who believe in Buddhism even regard the death of a martyr as the highest honor. Under such passionate encouragement, even if they suffer major losses, they will not retreat.
In the previous Tang-Tibet War, the Tang army relied on heavy cavalry raids or elite night attacks to severely damage the Tubo heavy infantry. However, with the loss of elite soldiers and horses, this kind of warfare was difficult to use, and the tough heavy infantry was used to fight attrition. , Is the military strength of Tubo. At the same time, they are good at building cities. In this way, as long as the time limit for the war can be delayed, the better it will be for Tubo. After occupying the Hexi Corridor, Tubo began to attack Beiting and Anxi Duhu Mansion in the Xinzang area west of the Hexi Corridor. In 803 AD, Tubo destroyed Beiting Duhu Mansion, and in 808, Tubo destroyed Anxi Duhu Mansion. Since then, Datang's military superiority has been lost and the western defense gate opened.
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02
The imperial central finances collapsed
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After Tubo captured the Hexi Corridor and Anxi and Beiting Duhu Mansion, they completely cut off the land foreign trade channel between Datang and other countries in Eurasia. Before the Anshi Rebellion, China benefited from the prosperity of foreign trade. The large trade surplus has promoted China Datang’s economic prosperity and formed a long-term virtuous circle.
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At the same time, China also had the world's largest modernized handicraft industry base at that time, which was the porcelain and silk production base roughly located in today's Hebei and Henan regions.
So, where exactly was the center of Datang's modern handicraft industry base at that time? It is in the Central Plains area where Xingzhou, Hebei is now. How developed was the handicraft industry in the Tang Dynasty? At that time, Datang handicraftsmen were even able to carry out large-scale customized services according to the requirements of international customers, such as printing the Islamic symbols of Arab countries on export porcelains as required. At that time, China's porcelain, silk, tea and other products had a large number of international customers in the international community.
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After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the world's largest modern handicraft production base was directly destroyed. Some people say that the destruction of the original base can be rebuilt, as long as the technology is there, why not have a base? This statement ignores market factors. Since Tubo captured the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions, the land Silk Road that exported these goods from land to Arab countries and even Europe was completely cut off. After the trade route was cut off, even if these bases were rebuilt, there would be no foreign customers. Therefore, the Xing kiln, which was once famous for producing white porcelain in the history of Chinese trade, began to decline.
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Since the Tang Dynasty, China's land Silk Road has been cut off for more than 1,000 years. After the terrestrial Silk Road was cut off, China’s exports of industrial products became more and more dependent on the Southern Silk Road, which directly led to the decline of northern manufacturing centers, and these new handicraft manufacturing centers were closer to the southern Maritime Silk Road ports. The decline of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the complete decline of the Guanzhong area. Economically, the focus of the entire Chinese economy began to shift to the south, and the Tang Dynasty's finances became increasingly dependent on the south.
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After the foreign trade trade route was cut off, the government income of the Tang Dynasty began to decline. The use of troops against Tubo and the internal handling of the feudal towns also consumed a large amount of tariffs. As soon as they decreased and increased, Datang's finances deteriorated sharply. In response to this situation, Datang began to levy large amounts of taxes to the south, which resulted in the outbreak of the Huangchao Uprising, which eventually destroyed the Datang Empire.
In the areas of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it can be seen from here that before the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the land Silk Road was completely blocked.
03
Lost Hexi Causes Eastern and Western Enemies to Join Forces
From the map, in ancient China, the Hexi Corridor and Western Regions were very important military corridors. So, as long as the Chinese central government controls the Hexi Corridor, the nomads on the Mongolian plateau to the east and north cannot join forces with the nomads on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau to attack the Central Plains dynasty. Conversely, once the Central dynasty loses control of the Hexi Corridor, the peoples of the Mongolian Plateau can easily occupy the Hexi Corridor, or link up with the nomads of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and unite to restrain the Central Plains dynasty.
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Historically, one of the important reasons why the Qin Dynasty died in the Kwantung Peasant Uprising was that the 300,000 Qin troops stationed in Jiuyuan, Inner Mongolia, were constrained by the Huns and were unable to reinforce the Kwantung battlefield in time. The root cause was that the Qin Dynasty did not open up the Hexi Corridor, which caused the Huns to not only control The vast northeast and Mongolian plateau, and also controlled the open area of the western region of Qinghai-Tibet, which allowed the Xiongnu to form a full control of the Qin Dynasty from the west, north and northeast. As a result, even if the Qin army relied on chariots and crossbowmen to repel the Xiongnu in the Hetao area, they could still only cast the Great Wall against the Xiongnu by "using the cavalry" and was completely in a strategic defense.
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After entering the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to dispatch Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to attack the Hexi Corridor. After annihilating the Southern Huns of the Hexi Corridor and opening up the Hexi Corridor, the main forces of the Huns in the Western Regions and Mobei were divided, and then they were annihilated until the final elimination of the Huns. After the Xiongnu were eliminated, the Han Dynasty was able to open up the land Silk Road, thus opening up a prosperous and powerful Han Dynasty.
During the Northern Zhou Dynasty and Sui Dynasty, the Turks rose up, but until the fall of the Sui Dynasty, the establishment of the Tang Dynasty failed to eliminate the Turks and completely open up the Hexi Corridor. After Tang Taizong succeeded, he adopted the strategy of disintegration and control of the barbarians, and successfully separated Xue Yantuo from the East Turkic camp. In the fourth year of Zhenguan, he dispatched Li Jing's army to eliminate the main forces of the Mobei East Turks and captured the Jieli Khan alive. The army gathered through the Hexi Corridor and divided the main Turks on the east and west. When Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty eradicate the main forces of the West Turks in the Battle of Jinyashan. So far, the Turks were wiped out by the Tang Dynasty, and China established Anxi and Beiting Duhu Mansion during the reigns of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian. The Tang Dynasty was able to open up the land Silk Road and open up a prosperous Tang Dynasty.
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After the Anshi Rebellion, Guo Xin, the king of Wuwei County, was able to hold on to the four towns of Anxi for 42 years. He adopted a strategy of combining vertical and horizontal lines, namely: Lianhui (Huihe) control of Tibet (Tubo), with the help of the east and north of the Hexi Corridor. The Uyghur army on the Mongolian plateau opposed the Tubo army on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau to the west and south of the Hexi Corridor. It is precisely because of Guo Xin's successful use of this strategy that the isolated and helpless four towns of Anxi fell for 42 years. How strong is this alliance? Huihe did his utmost in the military action against Tubo in conjunction with Datang. In 808 AD, Tubo attacked Kucha City where Guo Xin was stationed, and the Uyghur (Uighur) Tengli Khan tried his best to reinforce the main force of the Uyghur army, and the Tengli Khan died in battle. But even with the full support of the Uighur army, Tubo still captured Beiting and Anxi Duhu Mansion. After that, Tubo opened up the passage from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Mongolian Plateau. Datang was completely suppressed in the Guanzhong area and returned to the Qin Dynasty. And the suppressed strategic dilemma of the Sui Dynasty until its demise.
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04
Reinforcement by losing allies on land
After opening up the land Silk Road trade route, China can establish a comprehensive strategic alliance relationship with regional powers west of Datang through commerce and trade. If the regional allies are lost, they will eventually be destroyed by foreigners. This is also a historical example.
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After the Western Han Dynasty opened up the Silk Road, a comprehensive strategic alliance was established with Anxi (Iran). Since then, the Persian Empire has been allied with the Central Plains dynasty in China. During the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Persia sent envoys to trade with China, and jointly sent troops to fight against the common enemy Xiaoyueshi. This alliance of combating common enemies through joint land military operations lasted until the end of Datang.
After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, with the interruption of the Silk Road on the land, such joint military operations never occurred.
Then, some people may ask, the Maritime Silk Road was not interrupted at that time, why can't there be similar military alliances? the reason is simple. In the era of agricultural civilization, China’s most fierce enemies came from Mongolia and the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Although the Maritime Silk Road allowed China to establish friendly relations with other maritime countries, these countries were also willing to form military alliances with China, but under this alliance system Military reinforcements can only stay in the sea or coastal areas, and it is impossible to penetrate the mainland and reach the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Mongolia Plateau in the central area of the land.
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[China falls into a comprehensive strategic passive]
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Without the joint military cooperation of strategic allies in the western part of the Eurasian continent, China can only live in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent, which puts China into a passive and beating situation strategically.
Chinese textbooks have always said that backwardness must be beaten. Since the fall of the Tang Dynasty, China's Central Plains dynasty has been invaded by foreigners. From Song to Qing, it has been stigmatized by nomads and Western powers. Where does this shame come from? Investigating its geographical factors, this historical period began in 808 AD when China lost control of the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions. It is the earliest beginning of modern Chinese national shame, and many people often ignore this factor when studying Chinese history.
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After losing the Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang, historically China also lost control of the strategic highlands in the center of the Eurasian continent, lost control of the first tier of China’s geography, and China lost its allies as a military power in the western region. Support, China is forever isolated to the east of Eurasia, and can no longer get access to Central Asia, the core geopolitical region of the world.
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Take history as an example. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the Datang Anxi Army, led by Gao Xianzhi and Feng Changqing, radiated Chinese military influence to Iran, Afghanistan, and the plateau of Pakistan. But after the fall of the Hexi Corridor, Tubo began to replace the influence of the Tang Anxi Army in Kabul, Afghanistan and Sindh, Pakistan. After Tubo captured the four towns of Anxi, China lost control of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Pakistan and the Afghan Plateau.
Xueyin said in the previous article that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Afghanistan-Pakistan Plateau are the commanding heights of the Eurasian continent. Losing control over the region is equivalent to losing control of the Eurasian continent, as well as losing the vertical and horizontal constraints in the region. The enemy invaded China's external barrier from the west. For example, in the 19th century AD, Britain and Tsarist Russia jointly partitioned Central Asia and South Asia India, and then began to invade China’s Tibet and Xinjiang regions, which directly led to the opening of China’s western gates. At that time, Tsarist forces even penetrated China’s Gansu and Shaanxi. Region, seriously affecting China's national security.
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As far as homeland security is concerned, since the death of Wuwei County King Guo Xin, China has lost control of the first tier of geography for 1,000 years, and the geopolitical struggle has shifted to the second and third tiers. For example, Song Liao competes for Yanyun 16th. The Battle of Zhou and Song Jin Xianren Pass showed that Gansu, Shaanxi, and Sichuan were located in Qinling and Hebei, and Beijing began to become the two central areas of the east and west battlefields. Beijing, in particular, was located at the junction of the second and third steps and became an important military pass. It was the northern fortress of the main feudal dynasties after Song Dynasty.
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Once Beijing is conquered, the second ladder will be completely lost, and the southern region of the third ladder will be captured. A typical example is: Qin and Han dynasties first occupied the Ganshan and Shaanxi area where the Hexi Corridor was located, then controlled Sichuan, and then occupied the second geographical position. After the ladder, they took advantage of the situation to capture the third ladder of Shandong Liuguo and Xiang Yu led the Western Chu; later in the Sui, Tang, and the Manchus, they first captured the second geographic ladder, and then eliminated Chen and Wang Shichong on the third ladder. , Dou Jiande and Nan Ming.
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Therefore, the safety of the second and third steps depends on the survival of the first step. Extending the lens of history, we will find that it was from 808 AD that the subsequent Song and Ming dynasties were destroyed when the Hexi Corridor was lost and powerful enemies occupied Mongolia and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Southern Song Dynasty died in Yashan, Guangdong, and the Southern Ming Dynasty died in Burma. These were the inevitable results of the Mongolian Yuan and Manchu attacking from the first step to the third step. Therefore, from this perspective, the geographical factors of Song and Ming's demise are the same.
[Deep geological factors for the demise of Song and Ming Dynasty]
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Objectively speaking, the capture of the four towns of Anxi by Tubo in 808 was the beginning of the decline of Chinese national transport. It was from that time that the Central Plains dynasty began to give up control over the first tier of geography. A typical example is: before the Tang Dynasty, the capital of China had been in Xi’an in Guanzhong, but after the Song Dynasty it began to move to the middle of Bianliang (Kaifeng). , Until Zhu Yuanzhang and the period of the Republic of China settled in Nanjing. The Central Plains dynasty could not recapture the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions. To control the first geographical ladder, it could only passively migrate to Kaifeng, the center city of the second ladder, and Nanjing, the center of the third ladder. These are passive countermeasures under the irreversible strategic trend. Correspondingly, these dynasties naturally gave up the integration of Eurasia and the possibility of establishing a geostrategic barrier to the west.
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Strategy is like sailing against the current. The consequences of the Central Plains dynasty abandoning the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions were very bad. It can be said that this strategic choice laid hidden dangers for the demise of the Song and Ming dynasties. Why do you say that?
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The Central Plains dynasty abandoned the recapture of the Hexi and Western Regions, and the nomads of the Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet Plateaus no longer have any worries. Therefore, in the mutual killing game, the most brutal enemy was born. They were Mongolia and Manchu.
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Although the Song Dynasty was humiliated and devastated by Xixia, Liao, Jin and Tubo, it did not end in the end, because none of the four simultaneously controlled the Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet plateaus and the Western Regions on the first geographical ladder. However, in the long-term cruel struggle of the herdsmen on the first step, Mongolia, the most brutal, emerged. It defeated the four countries, controlled the Khwarazim country in Central Asia, and included Arab, northern Chinese nomads and Turks. In the end, after controlling the first step up the Mongolian Plateau, Xixia, Tubo, and Dali were eliminated, and the Southern Song Dynasty was eliminated in a counterclockwise strategic round.
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Although Daming established the Usi-Tibet Division to control the Qinghai-Tibet area, it expelled the Mongolian forces from the Qinghai-Tibet area and prevented them from simultaneously controlling the Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet plateaus, thus ensuring the safety of Daming to a certain extent. However, the Ming Dynasty has been harassed by Mongolia. From the failure of the Northern Expedition of Mongolia to the transformation of the Tubo, it has never been able to eliminate the enemies on the Mongolian plateau and eradicate the hidden dangers.
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So, what is the reason why Daming has not been able to eliminate the Mongolian threat? Because the Ming Dynasty never opened up the Hexi Corridor and cut off the connection between the Mongolian Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Mongolian Yuan and other Khanates could still communicate with each other, and jointly suppress the Ming Dynasty on the second geographical ladder. However, after the Manchu Emperor Taiji defeated Lin Danhan to conquer Mongolia and succeeded to the Mongolian Khan (the Qing emperor was also a Khan shared by the Manchu and Mongolian nationalities), he sent troops from the Mongolian plateau and sent his son Su Prince Hauge to attack from Shaanxi and Gansu. Entering Sichuan, in a counterclockwise strategic round, together with Dorgon's younger brother, Prince Zheng Duo, he destroyed Nanming and strangled Nanming Emperor in Burma.
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To sum up, Xueyin believes that the geographical origin of Song Ming's death in Mengman Manchu was the inability to regain the Hexi Corridor and cut the connection between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Mongolian Plateau, resulting in the passive situation of this strategy that cannot be changed. The inability to recapture the Hexi Corridor, open up the land Silk Road, and integrate the Eurasian continent will further lead to Song Ming’s strength growth being suppressed by the ceiling, and eventually violent death in entropy.
[Refuting the fallacy that the civil official group led to the downfall of Song and Ming]
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In order to correctly learn from history, the blood drink must refute a fallacy that has been widely circulated in the market and has harmed the Quartet, that is, that the death of Song Ming was caused by the civil official group. The reasons for refuting are as follows:
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01
The Civil Official Group Creates the Prosperity of Han and Tang Dynasties
From the contending of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period to Wu Zetian’s establishment of the martial arts exercise, more than 1,000 years have been the year when China’s national fortunes continued to rise. It was also the 1,000 years when China’s employment selection system changed from aristocracy to civilian politics. In the process, China’s civil officials ruled. Gradually replaced the noble family.
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It is precisely because of the continuous contribution of intelligence from the civilian group, which is dominated by civilians, that China's national governance has become more reasonable and efficient. It can be said that the reason why China's national strength in history has flourished is due to these civil official groups. Looking back at the 1,000 years of the rise of China’s national power, it can be seen that whenever the efficient and reasonable rule of the civil servants is destroyed, the nobles are restored, or foreign relatives and eunuchs control the center of state power, the country will be instantly ruined.
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History is proof. The restoration of the old aristocracy in Shandong at the end of the Qin Dynasty led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty, and the monopoly of eunuchs and relatives in the Western and Eastern Han dynasties led to the fall of the country. What is unmistakable is that in the process of these incidents, the civil officials loyal to the country were the first to be destroyed and destroyed. So, here comes the question. If the civil service system led to the demise of the Song and Ming dynasties, why did the ancient civil service system in Chinese history continue to rise during the 1,000-year period when the ancient civil service system continued to develop?
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02
The imperial examination system boosts the rise of the West
After the beginning of the great maritime era, during the Western learning movement, the great powers including Britain, France, the United States and Russia gradually began to learn and accept the Chinese imperial examination system. Based on this, an efficient and reasonable civil service group was built and laid The foundation of the modern civil service system. The cabinet system in the civil service system invented by the Ming Dynasty in China has been accepted by Britain, the United States, France, Japan and other countries and has become part of the Western Magna Carta revolution.
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It was China's civil service examination system that helped the West establish an efficient operating system in modern times and helped the progress and development of modern political civilization in Western countries. If the civil service system led to the demise of Song and Ming dynasties, then why can Western countries that accept the same civil service system continue to improve?
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03
Daming Civil Official Group's efficient operation
This is reflected in the advancement and advancement of the cabinet system of the Ming Dynasty. The specific manifestation is that the cabinet system of the Ming Dynasty helped the emperor make decisions. When the emperor was incompetent, it replaced the emperor's Zhubi imperial approval with a cabinet blue pen, which effectively guaranteed the Ming Empire. The most typical example of the operation of Emperor Jiajing was that Emperor Jiajing did not go to court for 30 years, but the Ming Empire still maintained its operation with the support of the cabinet system and did not collapse.
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At the same time, the last glory of the Ming Empire, the three major events of Wanli, succeeded because the reform initiated by the chief minister of the cabinet, Zhang Juzheng, reversed the decline after the transformation of the Tumu Fort. In addition, it was precisely because the Ming cabinet led the entire empire to carry out comprehensive reforms when the emperor was young, it was finally able to defeat the Japanese pirates and win the Korean War against Japanese Japanese and the Ningxia Campaign.
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Conversely, after Zhang Juzheng stepped down, the Ming empire returned to the hands of the emperor and the emperor’s cronies, and the civil official group was once again fully suppressed. The eunuch was in power and the emperor’s faintness was difficult to effectively contain. After that, the Ming empire began to go all the way down. . The most obvious is that after Zhang Juzheng of the civil official group went down into the wild, disasters in the southeast, northwest and northwest of the Ming Empire began to spread. By the time Chongzhen was in power, it was already hard to return, which eventually led to the demise of the Ming Empire. Just imagine, if the Ming Dynasty had been a cabinet minister in power, it would never have been possible for Daming to perish so fast.
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04
Qing Chengming defeats more ferocious enemies
Before the demise of Ming Dynasty, he suffered from enemies on all sides. For example, Ming Dynasty faced Meng Yuan in the north, Li Zicheng uprising, She'an in the southwest, Japanese pirates in the southeast coast, and the threat of Manqing outside the Guan. Under so many powerful enemies, it was finally exhausted and then exhausted. Defeated. However, the Qing Dynasty Chengming system, the Manchu Qing took the initiative to learn from the Ming Dynasty political system, and completely inherited the Ming Dynasty civil service group and system, including the six ministries and cabinet system.
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Like Daming, the Manchu Dynasty also faced enemies from all directions at the beginning of its establishment, and these enemies were even more ferocious than those of Daming. At that time, the Tsarist Russia and Geerdan in the north were far more brutal than the Manchu and Mongolian Tatars and Oalas. Wu Sangui in the southwest was far more powerful than the mobs in the Shean Rebellion. Zheng Jing in the southeast was even more fierce than the Japanese pirates. Not letting too much.
However, facing a more ferocious enemy, the Manchu Dynasty, which inherited a whole set of civil officials and systems of Ming Dynasty, defeated all the enemies on the four battlefields in the south, east, north and west. In the context of the complete construction of the civil official team, the Qing Dynasty defeated Zheng Jing of the Ming Dynasty, occupied Tsarist Russia in the north, suppressed the Mongolian Geerdan, internally rebelled Wu Sangui, and regained Tibet. It used the Ming Dynasty civilian officials, but inherited the fullness of the Ming Dynasty civil service system. Qing defeated the more ferocious enemy, what happened to the civil official group?
To sum up, it is a very simple view to attribute the demise of Song and Ming Dynasties to the civil official group. Not only did they fail to discover the essence of things, but instead used appearances as the essence to perform a series of superficial interpretations. What is the biggest problem of this kind of historical research? When studying ancient Chinese history, many Chinese scholars are often used to conduct separate research on a single dynasty, looking for the cause of the dynasty’s demise from within a single dynasty, and rarely study the true history of historical changes from a nation’s 2,000-year time axis. the reason. Chinese history is an indivisible whole. Only by lengthening the time axis can we clearly see the factors that have always influenced the fate of the dynasty in the history of 2000. If you just stare at a single dynasty intently, it is easy to attribute the demise of a certain dynasty to some dispensable details, and then ignore the fundamentals. To
Through the pros and cons of the argument, Xueyin once again made it clear that the root of Song Ming's demise was a misjudgment in the general direction of the strategy. In the absence of the ability to change China's overall national security defense situation, Song Ming was unable to change the strategic pattern, and could only succumb to the situation, which eventually led to the country's isolation and violent death due to entropy increase. This is the fundamental reason for the demise of the Song and Ming Dynasties and the loss of the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty. This is an important factor in the continuous decline of Chinese history in the 1,000 years.
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[The Qing Dynasty that learned the lessons of Song and Ming’s demise]
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The blood drink is here to praise the former Manchu, why? Because, in terms of geopolitics, Manchu stayed sober and fully learned the lessons of Song Ming's demise.
Unlike many people's perceptions, the Manchu dynasty was a dynasty with almost no flaws in its geographical structure. For example, after defeating Lin Dan Khan, Huang Taiji not only captured the Hexi Corridor, but also continued to trek to conquer the Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau regions. For this reason, the Manchu and Qing dynasties launched the Zhunqing War, which officially started in the 27th year of Kangxi (1688) and ended in the 23rd year of Qianlong (1758), which lasted nearly 70 years. During this difficult 70-year war, the Manchus not only wiped out the Geerdan and Geerdan Zeling who controlled Xinjiang and Mongolia, but also directly brought the Qinghai-Tibet area under full control, and its geostrategic vision far exceeded that of the Song Dynasty. Bright.
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After the Manchus took control of the Western Regions, their soldiers went straight to Lake Balkhash. The Kang, Yong and Qian dynasties learned the lessons of Song and Ming. Regardless of the huge cost of the war, they drew taxes from the southeast and continued to use troops in the northwest until they controlled the first step of geography and filled the big hole in China's homeland security defense. A closer look at the territory of the Qing Dynasty will reveal that it controlled the Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet Plateaus, went northeast to Sakhalin Island, went southwest to defeat Burma, and its forces went straight to the Bay of Bengal. From the northeast to the southwest is almost completely opened up, making China's geostrategic form more perfect.
On the other hand, the Manchus have achieved a near-perfect homeland security defense posture, and have always maintained a high level of sobriety and vigilance in key areas related to national security. There are four typical examples:
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First of all, after Akouba sold Xinjiang to join Tsarist Russia, the Qing government immediately dispatched Zuo Zongtang to regain Xinjiang. Why did the Qing Dynasty attach so much importance to Xinjiang? Because the loss of Xinjiang will result in the loss of the Hexi Corridor, the Manchu and Qing will lose control of the Qinghai-Tibet area. This will lead to the Mongolian and Qinghai-Tibet Plateaus, under the cooperation of Tsarist Russia, to unite to force Guanzhong, suppress Beijing and Tianjin, and repeat the fall of the Tang Dynasty.
The second is the Sino-French war. The Qing Dynasty sent Feng Zicai to command the Qing army into Vietnam to attack the French army, because the Manchu Qing realized that once the Indo-China Peninsula was lost, the French army could drive straight into Guangxi, and then controlled the southern part of the second geographical ladder, threatening Sichuan, and repeating the same mistakes as Nanming's demise.
Third, the Qing army sent troops to help North Korea attack Japan. Because once North Korea is lost, the northeast will not be preserved, and if the northeast is not preserved, the eastern side of the Mongolian Plateau will open the door. Once Japan seizes here, it can join forces with Tsarist Russia to conquer the northern and western regions of China. China will be suppressed in the second tier of geography and repeat the fall of Song and Ming.
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Fourth, the Manchu Dynasty would rather cede the land of Longxing, the ancestors outside Guan, than cede the outer Mongolia in the central area of the Mongolian plateau to Tsarist Russia. Why? Because Outer Mongolia is the core area of the Mongolian Plateau, it is condescending to the surrounding areas. Once the area is ceded, the Mongolian Plateau will lose its opponents. The plain areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Inner Mongolia will be insecure. Mongolia is tantamount to suicide. Therefore, I would rather cedicate the northeast ancestral land than the outer Mongolian plateau.
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So, why did Tsarist Russia always want to control Outer Mongolia? It is worried that after China controls Outer Mongolia, it will attack north and cut off the Trans-Siberian Railway. In other words, as long as the Manchu Qing controls Outer Mongolia, it will at least have the necessary conditions to recapture the Russian invasion and occupation of the Far East and even the Northeast.
On the whole, although the strength of the Manchu and Qing dynasties declined or even became dizzy after 1860, it remained sober in terms of geostrategy. Even if it knew that it could not defeat the great powers, it still did not hesitate to send troops to defend the core areas of national security.
The 1000 years from the Anshi Rebellion in 755 AD in the 14th year of Tianbao to 1758 in the 23rd year of Qianlong was the 1000 years when China lost and regained the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions. In the 1000 years of practice of blood and fire, the Chinese nation finally Found the most reasonable posture for homeland security defense. It was precisely because the Manchu Dynasty made up the hole in China's homeland security defense, so although it eventually went to extinction, it did not die in the direct military invasion of foreigners like Song Ming. To
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[Lessons from China’s Rejuvenation and Rise]
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Since the fall of the Tang Dynasty, what experience and lessons has the decline of Chinese civilization have for today's China?
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01
Stick to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Xinjiang
China's homeland security depends on the security of the first tier of geography. Only by controlling here can it be qualified to integrate resources on the Eurasian continent. The bridgehead of this integration is the Qinghai-Tibet region, so China must not lose these two regions. Once lost, China will inevitably follow the fate of Song and Ming.
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At the same time, by controlling Xinjiang, the most central area of the Eurasian territory, and the Qinghai-Tibet region, China will be able to open up the land Silk Road and travel westward through Afghanistan and Pakistan into Europe.
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Only by establishing a prosperity belt dominated by China can it prevent Russia, a land power in the north, from joining forces with Britain and the United States to attack China. At the end of the 19th century, Tsarist Russia and the United Kingdom jointly partitioned Central Asia, Tsarist Russia occupied Central Asia, Britain occupied Afghanistan and Pakistan and India, blocking any passage for China to break through and integrate Europe and Asia.
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02
China and Russia side by side
What was the geographical reason that led to the demise of the Manchu Dynasty? After regaining the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions, they were unable to continue to expand their territories westward. The gradual control of Central Asia by Tsarist Russia in the 19th century was the most important obstacle that the Manchu and Qing Dynasty could not break westward after retaking the Hexi Corridor and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Today, China has basically inherited the territory of the Manchus, but China has also lost many key areas that the Manchus once controlled, such as Outer Mongolia, the Far East, and Kazakhstan. Comparing history, we will find that China today completely controls Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Tibet region, but if it wants to rise again and reproduce the glory of the Han and Tang Dynasties, it must once again solve the security problem of the Mongolian plateau, which requires China and Russia to join hands.
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Russia is dying under the combined attack of the Western Cold War and has already entered a downward slope. In this case, China and Russia are required to jointly deal with the United States. This is the simplest combination.
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So, in reality, how do China and Russia work together to solve the security problem of the Mongolian plateau?
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After the outbreak of 9/11, the United States began to try its best to win over the leading party in Mongolia. A typical example is Mongolian President Enkhbayar from 2000 to 2004. What does the United States intend to win over Mongolia? It is to open up the strategic link from Central Asia to Mongolia, from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Mongolian Plateau, take advantage of the Mongolian Plateau's geographical advantages, and threaten the safety of Russia's Trans-Siberian Railway, China's Inner Mongolia, and Beijing-Tianjin. NATO's eastward expansion plan will be implemented with one stone and two birds.
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At the end of 2012, China's new national leader came to power, and Sino-Russian relations quickly warmed up, which provided an opportunity for China and Russia to jointly solve the Mongolian plateau problem. On August 15, 2014, the anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the top Chinese leader visited Mongolia, and then on September 3, 2014, the anniversary of the surrender of Japanese fascists, Russian President Putin visited Mongolia.
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The Chinese and Russian leaders visited Mongolia on the anniversary of the War of Resistance against Japan and Japan’s surrender. They were showing their attitude and trying to resolve the Mongolian issue together under the historical opportunity. The fact is that after China and Russia jointly shot, the effect soon became apparent. On October 6, 2014, former Mongolian President Enkhbayar fled South Korea. 随后的2014年11月，蒙古举行大选，亲中俄的蒙古总统赛汉毕力格成功当选蒙古新总统至今，结束了蒙古国在美国挑唆下的政治动荡。
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同时，在解决了蒙古高原后顾之忧前，中俄就已经早早地在中亚的发力。2014年3月，在中俄支持下，吉尔吉斯斯坦将美军军事基地从本国驱逐出境。之后，中俄联手主导上合组织更是将成员国内部的美军基地全部驱逐出去。这让中俄两国在蒙古高原，新藏以及中亚地区安全形势骤然好转。2015年年9月，中俄再次联手出兵叙利亚，将美国势力逐步赶出中东核心区，实现中俄联手向地中海，波斯湾以及印度洋和南海地区突围。
瓦解英美海权，这其中的关键就是联合俄罗斯，执行九原奇袭战略。目前，俄罗斯经济羸弱不堪，将来中国一旦击垮英美海权，那么，俄罗斯必然作为中国整合欧亚大陆版图的一部分，一如唐太宗时期的东突厥一样，最终与华夏民族深度融合。
三、强势驰援地区盟友。
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伊朗作为中国战略安全的延伸，是中国国土安全防御的西大门。唐代中国安西都护府最远就与当时的波斯接壤，中伊两国联手保证了中国能够控制安息高原，防止敌方越过这里威胁中国西大门。现在的中国要想进一步提高国家安全，就必须保卫伊朗的国家安全。
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历史上，19到20世纪，伊朗被沙俄和英国瓜分以后，沙俄和英国就直接入侵到中国的西大门新疆。所以只有先保住伊朗，才能最大限度保证中国西部安全。从1979年开始，西方就一直准备军事解决伊朗，是中国在2007年明确警告西方不得军事颠覆伊朗，否则中国不惜发动第三次世界大战力保伊朗，这才遏制了西方军事颠覆伊朗的企图。
与此同时，在中俄肩并肩的情况下，俄罗斯的国力还在持续下滑，而俄罗斯是中国控制北亚、中亚的关键。现在的俄罗斯，就好比是当年郭昕联合的回鹘，如今的中国联合俄罗斯，就像武威郡王郭昕联合回鹘打击西方吐蕃一样。这种情况下，中国就必须进一步将俄罗斯绑到中国战车上，目前中俄贸易额正在向着2000亿美元方向突破，中俄东西天然气管线也正在建设和谈判之中，中国进口俄罗斯能源就可以不断为俄罗斯输血，唯有中俄联手才能执行攻破英美海洋霸权的九原奇袭战略。这也是2021年1月19日，中国对外宣称“中俄团结如山，友谊牢不可破”的根本原因。
中国绝不能像宋明那样孤悬于欧亚大陆东部，若没有地区盟友帮助，面对英美主导下的北约东扩，中国必将重蹈宋明覆辙。当年北约东扩给中国带来的威胁，至今记忆犹新。
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四、建立华夏—雅利安联盟。
德国人和伊朗人的主体都是雅利安人，雅利安文明发源于青藏昆仑地区，该地区同样是华夏文明发源地。雅利安文明和华夏文明因为同源，所以在很多问题看法上是一致的，哪怕是德国走火入魔的纳粹时期，希特勒对中国政策都是相对友好的。
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现代德国和伊朗从经济到社会主张很多都跟中国相同，伊朗的政治制度更与中国几乎完全一样。中国陆地丝绸之路就是要从伊朗经过进入欧洲腹地的德国，有鉴于此，中国应该以一带一路为纽带，与伊朗和德国建立华夏—雅利安联盟，求同存异，共同对付英美霸权。中欧投资协定就是德国推动下的一个良好的开端。
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五、产业升级，打造中国现代硅谷。
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遥想大唐盛世，就在河北邢州所在中原地区建立了古代的手工业现代化高科技中心，而中国在2017年同样在河北地区建立中国新经济科技创新中心—雄安新区，其厚重的寓意让人热血沸腾，是偶然的巧合还是梦想原本如此？无论如何，中国必将在这里建立第四次科技革命爆发的奇点，引导全人类进入新科技时代。
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[历史总是惊人的相似]
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目前，中国的战略正在按部就班地展开，同时，西方资本解决中国问题也正在进入最后十年。
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这里面有个大家很很容易忽略的观察点。公元1861年1月11日，满清为了增强国力抵御外侮发动了洋务运动，从兴起到满清灭亡，这场运动持续了50年时间，而中国在1979年开始同样对西方改革开放，截止已经持续了40年。仔细观察这两场运动，会发现有着太多的共同点。当年的很多事件与中国现在改革开放学习西方都是一一对应的，比如：
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清朝的洋务运动是中学为体西学为用，当下中国的改革在学习西方技术，同时也并没有学习政治体制。当年满清实行的是联合俄罗斯对付英国，现在中国同样联合俄罗斯打击西方。促成两者终极联盟的事件都跟克里米亚半岛有关，当年沙俄在1853年的克里米亚战争中败给了西方才寻求向东合作；2014年1月乌克兰危机爆发，俄罗斯夺回克里米亚导致美国全面制裁俄罗斯，中俄最终形成肩并肩铁盟。当年，俄罗斯为了击败英美海权修建了从莫斯科直达远东的西伯利亚大铁路，现在俄罗斯与中国联合修建从莫斯科直达北京的洲际高铁。这些都是中俄联手击败英美海权的举措。
最大的相似之处在于，当年和现在的敌人都是犹太资本集团。鸦片战争时期，犹太资本罗斯柴尔德和沙逊家族控制印度鸦片生产从罪恶的对华鸦片贸易中挣到了1.3亿两白银；现在，他们对华发动贸易战，借口依旧是贸易失衡，妄图逼迫中国购买数万亿美债，这一数字远超当年的1.3亿两白银。
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时间上，也有着惊人的相似。1894年甲午战争，正好是洋务运动33年，西方和日本列强开始肢解满清，对应中国改革开放33年的2012年，美国开始提出构建反华联盟围堵中国；1901八国联军侵华对应洋务运动40年，对应的改革开放40年的2018年，西方开启对华贸易战并开始发动生化战。
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按照时间线，从1901年到1911年辛亥革命爆发，对应的就是犹太资本畜生们将2019年到2029年之间全面解决中国问题，以其培养的代理人击垮中国民族政府，实现奴役中国人的目的。
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留给我们的时间不多了，而现在的中国绝不会重蹈当年的覆辙。当年，大唐有坚守西域42年宁死不退的安西军，现在的中国，新安西军也已经耀眼诞生。2015年，中国进行军区和军事制度改革，改革以后诞生了强大的西部战区，他们就是今日中国的安西军。无比巧合的是，中国军事制度改革以后，与当年大唐安西军实行的府兵制几乎一摸一样。今天中国已经打通了从西安、内蒙古直达伊朗以及中东的铁路，如果犹太资本集团妄想再次奴役中国，那么中国将不惜与之展开生死决战。中国安西军将从西部出发，联合俄罗斯、伊朗联军直下安息高原，摧枯拉朽直捣黄龙，踏平犹太资本母体——以色列，一战立威，拉开中国盛世崛起的帷幕。
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很多外国人都很好奇，为什么中国人这么热爱自己的国家？因为，有一种情怀早已经深入骨血，有一种信念早已经刻入骨髓。就在那个盛世衰落的年代，那支为了守卫家园孤军奋战、宁死不屈的威武之师，那些暴雪中白发皓首依然血战城垣、慷慨赴死的西域守军，就是我们华夏的魂。从盘古开天到女娲补天，从大禹治水到汉唐盛世，巍巍中华历经八千年不倒，靠的就是我们祖辈的双手。青海长云暗雪山，孤城遥望玉门关。黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还。今天的后辈子孙将继承先烈遗志，再次带领华夏文明登顶世界巅峰。
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在2020年5月9号的文章《三个事件揭露让人不寒而栗的生化暗战真相！》中血饮首次提出了新冠病毒是从美国纽约州东部的普拉姆岛生化实验室泄露，纽约是全球新冠疫情的爆心。血饮提出要求中国和联合国核查该生化实验室，1月20号外交部和共青团中央首次指出纽约是美国新冠疫情爆发的起点，并要求美国公开德特里克堡等生化实验室，这些都验证了血饮长期以来生化判断是正确的。
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文章已于2021-01-29修改
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